Sparfloxacin information from DrugsUpdate
P - Contraindicated in pregnancy
L - Contraindicated in lactation
Sparfloxacin, trade names Zagam and Zagam Respipac, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It has a controversial safety profile.
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Sparfloxacin inhibits the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase which is an enzyme essential for DNA replication thus promoting the breakage of DNA structures. It has activity against S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis and Mycobacterium spp.
Absorption
Well absorbed from the GI tract (oral); peak plasma concentrations after 3-6 hours.
Distribution
Widely distributed into tissues including respiratory tissues. Protein-binding: 45%.
Metabolism
Hepatic (by glucuronidation).
Excretion
Excreted in equal amounts in the urine and faeces as unchanged drug and glucuronide metabolites; elimination half-life: 20 hours.
Sparfloxacin Indications / Sparfloxacin Uses
Information Not Available
Sparfloxacin Adverse Reactions / Sparfloxacin Side Effects
Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting; jaundice, renal failure, elevation of liver enzymes, BUN and creatinine; anaphylactoid reaction, headache, dizziness, convulsions; tremors, myalgia; rhabdomyolysis, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia.
Potentially Fatal: AV block; anaphylaxis.
Precautions
Information Not Available
Special Precautions
History of CNS disorders, pseudomembranous colitis, superinfection, severe renal dysfunction, epilepsy, G6PD deficiency, myasthenia gravis, patients with QT prolongation, uncorrected electrolyte disturbances, bradycardia, or pre-existing cardiac disease. Avoid exposure to strong sunlight or sunlamps during treatment. Discontinue treatment if patients experience tendon pain, inflammation or rupture; subsequent use of fluoroquinolones in these patients is not recommended. Avoid in MRSA infections due to high risk of resistance. Ensure adequate fluid intake to reduce risk of crystalluria.
Other Drug Interactions
Cations such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc and iron may reduce the bioavailability of sparfloxacin. May increase the plasma concentrations of theophylline and tizanidine. May enhance the effect of warfarin and glibenclamide. May decrease the renal clearance of methotrexate. Excretion may be reduced by probenecid. May alter serum levels of phenytoin.
Potentially Fatal: Corticosteroids may increase risk of tendon rupture. Increased risk of seizures with NSAIDs. Risk of additive QT prolongation effect when used with class Ia or III antiarrhythmic drugs, astemizole, terfenadine, cisapride, erythromycin, pentamidine, phenothiazines or TCAs.
Other Interactions
Information Not Available
Dosage
Oral
Community-acquired pneumonia, Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Adult: 100-300 mg daily, as a single dose or 2 divided doses.
Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment may be necessary in severe impairment.
Food(before/after)
May be taken with or without food
List of Contraindications
Sparfloxacin and Pregnancy
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Sparfloxacin and Lactation
Contraindicated in lactation
Sparfloxacin and Children
Safety and efficacy not established.
Sparfloxacin and Geriatic
Information Not Available
Sparfloxacin and Other Contraindications
Hypersensitivity; pregnancy and lactation; children <18 years.
Storage
Store at room temperature in tightly closed container.
Lab interference
Store at room temperature in tightly closed container.
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